15 Endocrine Glands and their Functional Roles in a Rabbit
All endocrine structures develops from epithelia or nervous tissues, or from both. It is noteworthy that some structures described here have other important functions, e.g.,…
osmoregulation
Excretion and Osmoregulation in Marine Invertebrates
There is good reason to suppose that life began in the sea. Many animals, notably marine invertebrates such as sea anemones, spider crabs and star…
The Role of the Kidney in Osmoregulation
This brief account of the kidney illustrates its two principal function, excretion and osmoregulation. In that it totally removes urea from the blood, it is…
Migratory Fishes, their Excretion and Osmoregulation
Migratory fishes: Osmotic independence can be maintained only if the salinity of the external medium remains constant. If the salinity of this external medium fluctuates…
Marine Elasmobranchs: Excretion and Osmoregulation in Marine Elasmobranchs
Marine elasmobranchs such as shark, dogfish and rays overcome their osmotic difficulties in a unique way. They have a similar chloride content to marine teleosts…