Condensation polymerization differs from addition polymerization in that small molecules such as water, ammonia or hydrogen chloride are eliminated during the formation of the polymer….
The elements of the electrochemical series is a list of metals arranged in their order of reactivity from the most reactive to the least reactive…
Stoichiometry is the art of measuring chemical elements in quantitative relationship in chemical reactions. It is ordinary chemical arithmetic. Experiments can be designed to study the…
One important area of chemistry is the analysis of substances to determine their composition, either qualitatively or quantitatively. In qualitative analysis, we identify the elements and…
What is electrolysis? Electrolysis is the chemical change brought about by the passage of a direct current through an electrolyte via electrodes. Before the passage…
The compounds of aluminium are mainly covalent. In ionic compounds, such as aluminum fluoride, it exits as a trivalent aluminum ion, A13+. The hydrated aluminum…
In examining the electrolytic extraction of aluminium from bauxite and alumina, we must first briefly explain the element called aluminium and the minerals and ores that…
Tin does not occur naturally as the free element. In studying the properties of tin and its reactions, we must first examine the main source…
Tin can combine with other atoms in two ways to form several tin compounds It can covalently share the two p electrons (5p2) in the…
Lead, Pb, also represented chemically as Pb, was first mined in the first century A.D. although it is not a very reactive metal, it occurs…