How Autotomy and Regeneration Occur in Crayfish
The concept of autotomy is used to describe a defensive mechanism employed by animals to evade predators by way of distracting them or escaping from…
Biology
Fundamental Distinction Between Fruits and Seeds
Students sometimes experience difficulty in deciding whether a particular specimen is a fruit or a seed. Fruits and seeds have become quite a ‘confusing'(in biological…
Growth Pattern and Ecdysis in Crayfish
Growth occurs by division and consequent enlargement of the cells of all tissues except the nervous tissues in crayfish. No increase in size is apparent…
The Functional Role Of Hormones in Annelids
Most of the investigations into annelids have been carried out on polychaetes, particularly several species of nereids. It has been shown that growth, reproduction, regeneration…
Evolutionary Adaptations of Mammals for a Successful Life
It must be remembered that apart from evolutionary changes in structure and function, the rise of the mammals practically coincides with the rise of the…
How DNA Replication and Mitosis Occurs in Cells
The essential property of a genetic material is that it should be able to replicate accurately in a process known as mitosis or meiosis for…
The Functional Role of Releasers in Behavioral Responses
For convenience we may distinguish between three kinds of stimuli: those which determine the animal’s state of responsiveness called motivational stimuli, and those which elicit…
Effects of Pheromones and Hormones on the Sexual Behavior of Stickleback
The stickleback is a family of marine fish that is carnivorous in its feeding habits by preying on crustaceans, fish larva and insects. Some are…
Excretion and Osmoregulation in Marine Invertebrates
There is good reason to suppose that life began in the sea. Many animals, notably marine invertebrates such as sea anemones, spider crabs and star…
Internal Environment and the Formation of Intercellular Fluid
One of the generalizations to emerge from physiological studies in the present century is that the conditions in which cells can function properly are narrow….